Tuesday 24 September 2013

Genre and Auteur Theory

There is the Genre theory and the Auteur Theory.


Genre theory;

  • have generic similarities
  • the texts are determined by historical, social and political contexts.
  • the texts emerge as commercial products from an industry.
Auteur theory;
  • have individual stylistic features
  • texts have artistic creativity
  • the text is viewed as part of an artistic body of work
An example of an Auteur is Spike Jonze.

Redundancy and Entropy


These two pictures are of police men. The one on the left is predictable but he other is unexpected.

Redundancy is something/one that is predictable or conventional in a message and is the result of high predictability. This is very important as it makes it necessary in order to understand.

Entropy is unpredictable or contains unpredictable elements

Andrew Goodwin Part 6

In the final part of Goodwins theory is that music videos contain intertextual references to films, TV or other music videos. An exmaple of this is Marilyn Monroe's Diamonds are a girls best friend 


  • This is Marilyn Monroe


  • This is Madonna referencing marilyn.

Monday 23 September 2013

Andrew Goodwin part 5

There is frequently reference to the notion of looking and particularly voyeuristic treatment of the female body.

In 1975 Laura Mulvey came up with three elements of male gaze.

  1. The camera looking at the female body (camera gaze)
  2. The shots of male actors looking at the female and then a shot of the female (male actors gaze)
  3. The audience looking (audience gaze)
The male gaze reduces a female to a sexual object that is to be looked at. However the theory was created in 1975 and could be classed as out of date and is purely focused on women being sexualised when there is a potential for it to be males. Also the theory was created on the base of films and may not be relevant to looking at music videos.

The music video for Candy Shop by 50 Cent proves that Mulvey's theory works showing all three of these parts but also shows;
  • The female audience gaze of the main character.
  • Females having control over being looked at.

Lady Ga Ga's Alejandro does not fit in with the theory by changing it and playing on it in her video.
  • Lady Ga Ga has self awareness in the video.
  • both men and women are sexualised.
  • the video starts off with her having the most power which depletes through the video.
  • men are shown to be less masculine.
  • The males in the video are more sexualised than Lady Ga Ga even when she has less clothes on than them.
  • there is some homoerotic/ queer gaze in the video.
  • changes the way men see women, political video.

Sunday 22 September 2013

Andrew Goodwin Part 4

4. The record labels demand for the music videos feature lots of close ups of the artist in such a way that will reflect that stars image and personality to the audience.
Music videos are promotional devices used by the record label to increase sales to there target audience. the video also creates a brand identity and establish the values that there target audience agree with. And so to appeal to those target audiences the close ups allow them to identify with the artist.
 The Video That I have looked at to show this is Everybody Wants To Be An Astronaut by Royal Republic.



            •  This video straight away uses close ups of the lead singer, dreaming of being an astronaut. By using the close up clearly shows who the main characters are in the video.
                  • These are close ups of the lead singer at the start of the video playing the role of a performing arts/ music teacher, an astronaut and himself as the lead singer.




  •  The next set of close ups show the guitarist of the band. The first close up shows him playing the role of a janitor at the school.
  • The next close up shows the guitarist  playing the guitar but very briefly as the camera quickly cuts to the lead singer.
  • As the lead singer has the most screen time shows the higher status in the band and is the person of most importance.
  • The final close up shows the guitarist in his dream of painting





  •  The drummer is shown next. Like the other band members (beside the lead singer) there is very little screen time.
  • He is shown playing a gym teacher who's dream (shown below) is to be famous and is also shown playing his drums.




  •  There is then a mix of different shots of the band playing there instruments.
  • each band member has a close up but the lead singer has the most amount of screen time as the others have quick cuts to different shots.



  •  The base guitarist is then shown as a science teacher and his dream, as a magician.
  • He like some of the other members has very little screen time or the least screen time. 





  • In the end they are all shown playing together along with some more quick cuts and close ups of each member of the band both as an actual band and as the band of school staff.

Friday 20 September 2013

Skills: Using Green Screen

Green screen is used to make some one appear to be in one place when they are actually in a room. By filming in front of a green screen, or any other colour but green is the best (because nobody has green in there skin colour) 
By filming on the green screen and then using a still image and premiere we can create this video.

Wednesday 18 September 2013

Andrew Goodwin Part 3

3. There is a relationship between the visuals in the video and the music. The tone and the atmosphere of the visuals in the video reflect the music.
The concept of synaesthesia is the process of carrying sensory impressions from one sense to another. An example of this is when listening to music you can imagine images that go with it.

A Good example of synaethesia is 'Sabotage' by Beastie Boys.


In this video Every cut is on the beat of the song and each cut is also very fast. This fits with the tone and atmosphere of the music as it is also fast and the beat is very clear to hear as well. There is also a lot of hand held camera movement which fits in with the fast pace music and tone.

Andrew Goodwin Part 2

2.There is a relationship between the lyrics in the song and the images in the music video. There are three types of music video:


  1. An illustrative music video has a direct link between the lyrics of the song E.G 'That's What I Go To School For' by Busted

Busted - What I Go To School For on MUZU.TV.
The lyrics of the song and the images in the music video are exactly what the song describes. For example when they sing
I fight my way to front of class

To get the best view of her ass
I drop a pencil on the floor
She bends down and shows me more…."
The music video shows the band member fighting his way to the front of the class, dropping his pencil and then the teacher picking it up.



2. Music videos that use images to show a new meaning to the lyrics of the song are known as amplifying. An example of this is

'Fluorescent Adolescent' by Arctic Monkey.




3. Finally there is a disjunctive music video. This shows no link between the music video and the song lyrics at all. An example of this is The Arctic Monkeys 'Fluorescent Adolescent'

The lyrics of this song and the images that appear in the video at the same time have no link what so ever. When the song starts they sing
"You used to get it in your fishnets
so now you only get it in your night dress
Discarded all the naughty nights for niceness"

But at the same time it shows a group of clowns and a gang fighting each other.

Monday 16 September 2013

Andrew Goodwin

Andrew Goodwin is a media theorist who created a framework for music videos using 6 steps.

1. Music videos demonstrate characteristics for a genre. I looked at how this is shown in music videos for boy bands.









  • This image shows the band sat on stalls. This is a very stereotypical aspect of a boy band.
  • also the band members interact with each other while performing










  • This shows a close up of the band members that can be looking somber.









  • Or close ups of the band members looking very happy and having fun.












  • The camera shows the whole band together as a unit. The camera also does not go behind the band and doesn't brake the 


Friday 6 September 2013

Skills: Lighting

There is a standard set of lighting known as three- point lighting. This should then be the basics of lighting and will create less/ no shadow and make sure that there are less/no shadows on the object/ person in the wrong place.

  • Silhouettes are created by having the light shining directly from behind onto the object and right into the camera.
  • Coloured gels can be used to create different coloured effects depending on the mood and tone of the music
  • Reflectors can be used to reflect the light in a certain direction or onto the object in a certain way.